shizheng_123 发表于 2024-5-24 01:16:09

锂电池生产过程图解


    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/9e3dfe534a6d4fe7b7579f92f3410a1f~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=%2Bj226cYqeE1fqcmDZV%2Fo%2BYMZSaM%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第一步 负极匀浆</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c2883ed236fd46ba8b5f9c7a13c8b01e~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=r5Ds4rPY2Ek6%2BVL%2FJ1Wed9ch4uQ%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二步 正极匀浆</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/eb5fe28e0ff248438c25ecac08af7c5c~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=BgOXYF6BMpFtJv4dDIg2ZWBZZDo%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第三步 涂布</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7c9fac20b88243fab6354426f879f8a5~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=VoGQ0hFzx7B69IDWPx3hpQb8mNs%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第四步 碾压</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/054a9a63961a4223bc327a8e0d85aa4a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=QA33xTWVk%2B81Bqe3ma%2Bm0zdK4%2Fc%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第五步 分切</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/f45e82d41c0748dbb39dff88bd1317d8~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=aK11anfGcCFyxOnF9mI5id2DSVY%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第六步 烘烤</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/6f29adf916ef45049ed5ae8f216e720c~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=BjM6NwC7qkrA8P7mInC2eg0yZdM%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第七步 卷绕</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/f29eb2c7450c475885be51aa9c8e63c1~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=8klGjmVpHclHXOmH78ic49Bt1Cg%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第八步 入壳</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/36fcd20d565344a79cafc262127888af~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=lbpDwYA81y8L%2Fmnq8ihFfoL5J9M%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第九步 点焊</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/cd69a74bfd1c45a2836807af5806e87c~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=tYbxbpI3IwocDuqSsTyctyJqUvU%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十步 烘烤</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/17db3c229de2447e98ae4f074b8e4c01~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=YDDbnUzDHCRe9mK1F8FLAUUAJ5Q%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十一步 注液</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/0a74519e8a6d4f07b6f85c0ff30924eb~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=fp5Sr2FIV7r6XEuTUqcs22%2FaFUk%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十二步 焊盖帽</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/bbac82683d6d444f962eb65dfbb5947a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=rivQ4Wjne2ZkjvU6TOjKfdgx%2Bxw%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十三步 清洗</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/77e39cc1c5d04731a0caff48df71e701~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=jZVcsd6OI7qiLetH1W4PLzhp7r8%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十四步 干燥储存</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/e67642e862604c5883e77663fa34d6c7~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=JkwRo%2BPe8im4T4xHHpenFgTGocE%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十五步 检测对齐度</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/f453ebdfb9654adea353e9c71d7cb2a4~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=LUpwkTfgK%2FF2D%2BAIsuO7PCx%2FIFk%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十六步 壳体喷码</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/f7f443c1dd894688b66810e0b49b1f7d~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=pKS8sOVfWYmabj9yw4tayp2bpZM%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十七步 化成</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c05573ff4d9b4bbeae6b805202f04730~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=aXKCE8cxV1eRubCLZNxynOm8Qgk%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">组装后的电池,被给予一定的电流,使电池正负极活性物质被激发,最后使电池具有放电能力的电化学过程称为化成,电池只有经过化成后才能作为电源使用。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十八步 OCV测量</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/3039777f8ef34610ac3cd34dd7c6084a~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=rcRSbWrgsCVffwoZP8pXHj9ec8c%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第十九步 常温度储存</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/e03eeaf0d3324a488f95fa4061792fc6~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=yeiPTaJSkCatIOttrWZph38VyQM%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二十步 分容</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/bd9d7b9e12c049ed898e680e71fcb57f~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=BgTLGHnd3Y62%2BgBw8xNwQU8iVEY%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">电池在制造过程中,因工艺原因使电池的实际容量不可能完全一致,通过一定的充放电检测,将电池按容量分类的过程称为分容。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二十一步 最后工序</strong></p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/9171de3679a540e9b87329291e4478ae~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=ngoy45lpQM%2BSyONkOIdj%2FxTXLSM%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于锂电池化成-老化工艺的分析与总结</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">锂离子电池的生产制造,是由一个个工艺步骤严密联络起来的过程。整体来说,锂电池的生产包括极片制造工艺、电池组装工艺以及最后的注液、封口、化成、老化工艺。在这三个阶段的工艺中,每道工序又可分为数道关键工艺,每一步都会对电池最后的性能形成很大的影响。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">在极片制造工艺阶段,可细分为浆料制备、浆料涂覆、极片辊压、极片分切、极片干燥五道工艺。在电池组装工艺,又根据电池规格型号的不同,大致分为卷绕、入壳、焊接等工艺。<strong style="color: blue;">组装完成后的注液工艺又包括注液、封口。最后是电池的化成、老化、分容三步工艺。</strong>在电池制作完成后,需要对电池进行<strong style="color: blue;">初次预激活和稳定化</strong>,也就是最后的化成-老化-分容工序。</p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7808a6054f2c4dada146c567fec093b9~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=1IR4CRyYywLlcFjjMCJ2Z9O7NNw%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一、化成</strong>关于化成(Pre-formation)的概念,就是对制造出来的锂离子电池进行一次<strong style="color: blue;">小电流的充放电</strong>。在锂电池制作完成后,需要对电池进行小电流的充放电。关于预充电的目的,主要是两个:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">1、电池制作完成后,电极材料并不是处在最佳适用状态,或者物理性质不合适(例如颗粒太大,接触不紧密等),或者物相本身不对(例如一些合金机理的金属氧化物负极),需要进行<strong style="color: blue;">首次充放电对其激活。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">2、在锂电池进行第一次充电过程中,Li+从正极活物质中脱出,经过电解液-隔膜-电解液后,嵌入负极石墨材料层间。在此过程中,电子沿着外围电路从正极迁移到负极。此时,由于锂离子嵌入石墨负极电位较低电子会先与电解液反应<strong style="color: blue;">生成SEI膜</strong>和部分气体。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">在此过程中会产生部分气体产生同时伴随少量电解液的消耗,有些电池厂家会在此过程后进行电池<strong style="color: blue;">排气和补液</strong>的操作,尤其是对于 LTO电池来说,会产生大量的气体造成电池鼓<strong style="color: blue;">包厚度超过10%</strong>。对于石墨负极来说,产气量较少,不必要进行排气的操作,这是因为在第一次充电过程中产生的<strong style="color: blue;">SEI膜阻碍了电子与电解液的进一步反应,不再产生气体</strong>。这也就是石墨体系电池不可逆容量的来源,虽然造成了不可逆容量损失,但是也成就了电池的稳定。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">二、老化</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">老化一般就是指电池装配注液完成后第一次充电化成后的<strong style="color: blue;">放置</strong>,可以有<strong style="color: blue;">常温老化也可有高温老化</strong>,两者作用都是使初次充电化成后形成的SEI膜性质和组成更加稳定,保证电池电化学性能的稳定性。老化的目的主要有三个:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"> 1、电池经过预化成工序后,电池内部石墨负极会形成一定的量的SEI膜,但是这个膜结构紧密且孔隙小,将电池在高温下进行老化,将有助于SEI<strong style="color: blue;">结构重组,形成宽松多孔的膜</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"> 2、化成后电池的电压处于不稳定的阶段,其电压略高于真实电压,老化的目的就是让其<strong style="color: blue;">电压更准确稳定</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"> 3、将电池置于高温或常温下一段时间,可以保证电解液能够对<strong style="color: blue;">极片进行充分的浸润</strong>,有利于电池性能的稳定。</p>
    <div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/cec8d7896fcf4e9e9e7a8dca18f6e553~noop.image?_iz=58558&amp;from=article.pc_detail&amp;lk3s=953192f4&amp;x-expires=1710491204&amp;x-signature=04SSPX6U1aco0YZbv9SIBrRH8v8%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;">电池的化成-老化工艺是必不可少的,在实际生产中根据电池的材料体系和结构体系选择电池充放电工艺,但是电池的化成必须在小电流的条件下充放电。经过这两步关键工艺后,再对稳定下来的电池进行分容,经过包装等工序后就可以出厂了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><strong style="color: blue;">谢谢观看,合作私聊!</strong></p>


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